Indirect effects: stop of egg laying nicotinoids,  aggressiveness, reduce of orientation ability, reduce of hygienic behaviour, reduce of memory ability, hypothermia, brood intoxication, reduce of productivity, reduce function of the heart, glands, damage in parts of the bee brain.

We simulated field exposure of honey bees to these pesticides during aerial application in almond orchards by using a wind tunnel and atomizer set up.

Despite the requirement of long distance transportation of honey bees used for pollination, we understand little how transportation affects honey bees. Three trials in three different states (CA, GA, and MI) were conducted to study the effects of long distance transportation on honey bee physiology.

Oxalic acid dihydrate is used to treat varroosis of Apis mellifera. This study investigates lethal and sublethal effects of oxalic acid dihydrate on individually treated honeybees kept in cages under laboratory conditions as well as the distribution in the colony.

Adult drone honey bees from 4 Australian breeding lines were reared under similar conditions and examined for semen and sperm production when 14, 21 and 35 days old, during spring, summer and autumn. Almost half (40.5%) of all drones examined did not release any semen when manually everted.

The honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) contributes $17 billion annually to the United States economy, primarily by pollinating major agricultural crops including almond, which is completely dependent on honey bee pollination for nut set.

The effects of different artificial diets in northern California, when supplemental nutrition is used to stimulate late winter colony growth for pollination.

Lithium has been considered a potential acaricidal agent against the honey bee (Apis mellifera)
parasite Varroa.

Among honey bee pathogens, Nosema ceranae is a microsporidian found parasitizing the western honey bee relatively recently.

The interaction between sublethal doses of a neurotoxin, clothianidin, and the ectoparasite, Varroa destructor, was examined by measuring differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in brains, deformed wing virus (DWV) and the proportion and intensity of self-grooming.