Our results show that green roofs can be a suitable habitat for wild bee species living in urban areas but not so much for hoverflies.

Varroa mite mortality and mite damage in colonies of Apis cerana cerana Fabr and Apis mellifera ligustica Spin, where mites were added to observation hive bees and to full-sized colonies of both bee species, were studied.

Grooming behavior of honey bees can be considered in two major categories: autogrooming or self-grooming and inter-bee grooming, called allogrooming.

Grooming behavior is considered a varroosis tolerance factor of Africanized honey bees, but this behavior is difficult to evaluate directly within the honey bee colony.

Both nectar and pollen are collected in portions of 20 to 30 mg. This requires four to five times more nectar foragers than pollen foragers in the hive.

Both nectar and pollen are collected in portions of 20 to 30 mg. This requires four to five times more nectar foragers than pollen foragers in the hive.

New veterinary medicinal products developed as antiparasitic treatments controlling Varroa mite infestation in bees should satisfy the usual requirements for authorisation. Varroa control implies a number of integrated pest management measures,

Pollinator activity is required for the world’s quarter million angiosperm species to reproduce, and as a result for fruits and seeds to be produced. Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) are amongst the most specialised, arguably the most dominant pollinators and are essential for certain agriculturally important crops.

There is growing recognition that the gut microbial community regulates a wide variety of important functions in its animal hosts, including host health. However, the complex interactions between gut microbes and environment are still unclear.