The intention of the present review is to highlight the stages of SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle, the molecular mechanisms explaining the health benefits of honey bee products on COVID-19 physiology and pathology and the possible limitations.

Concern over reported honeybee (Apis mellifera spp.) losses has highlighted chemical exposure as a risk. Current laboratory oral toxicity tests in A. mellifera spp. use short-term, maximum 96hour, exposures which may not necessarily account for chronic and cumulative toxicity. oving realism

Honey bees face several biotic and abiotic threats. In temperate climates, the overwintering period with no available forage is a critical phase for colony survival. In most countries there is a lack of data for colony losses, or it is not accompanied by other information, for example on hive management, that allows epidemiological risk analysis.

In Argentina, bee virus studies are still incipient, and there are no studies regarding the climatic effect. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the presence of honeybee viruses in different climatic regions from Argentina.

Propolis, a resinous material produced by honey bees from plant exudates, has long been used in traditional herbal medicine and is widely consumed as a health aid and immune system booster.

Considering that there is no standard therapy for SARS-Cov-2 prevention or treatment, we would like to add some thoughts that may open the debate about the possible viability of propolis in this situation.

Bee honey and propolis are rich in bioactive compounds that express strong antimicrobial, bactericidal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities.

Propolis is considered a potential treatment mainly due to an inhibitory effect of PAK1, thus generating an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effect.

Prospects and challenges for the EU apiculture sector -EU support for beekeeping 4. Proposes a 47.8% increase in the EU budget for national beekeeping programmes – in line with the actual increase in the bee population – as compared with the 2004 level, which translates as EUR 47 million annually;

By linking pesticide datasets with land-use data, we describe a method to map pesticide indicators at spatial scales relevant to pollinator research and conservation