We calculate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption of two French beekeeping systems, one amateur system (Amat) and one professional system (Pro) with 300 hives.

nel Honey Park - Greece - Learning methods and techniques are continuously evolving, through the history of education, parallel with humans and constructivism it is important to construct new learning experiences

In honey bees, Varroa sensitive hygiene (VSH) behaviour, which involves the detection and removal of brood parasitised by the mite Varroa destructor, can actively participate in the survival of colonies facing Varroa outbreaks.

For around five decades, the use the frame hive has grown and the majority of beekeepers are able today to manage modern frames hives. However, harvesting honey from wild colonies has not completely disappeared.

It has become increasingly clear that gut bacteria play vital roles in the development, nutrition, immunity, and overall fitness of their eukaryotic hosts.

Pesticide residues cause genetic mutations and cellular degradation and presence of antibiotics might increase resistant human or animal pathogens.

Honey halts the growth of microbes and destroys by different pathways, such as higher pH values and enzymatic reactions.