A paradigm in studies of eusociality is that worker sterility is a key to societal functions because advanced sociality cannot be achieved when there is conflict over
reproduction

The alarming loss of pollinator diversity world-wide can reduce the productivity of pollinator-dependent crops.

This study aims to assess the effect of propolis supplementation on clinical symptoms in patients with coronavirus (COVID-19).

Effects of pesticides, lethal and sub-lethal: Stop of egg laying, Aggressiveness & Hypothermia, Reduce of orientation ability, Reduce of hygienic behaviour, Reduce of memory ability, Brood intoxication, Reduce function of the heart, glands, Damage in parts of the bee brain.

Varroa destructor, a key biotic threat to the Western honey bee, has played a major role in colony losses over the past few years worldwide. Overuse of traditional acaricides, such as tau-fluvalinate and flumethrin, on V. destructor has only increased its tolerance to them.

Pollinator foraging performance could be altered by volcanic ash, contaminated flowers, pollen and nectar.

Varroa destructor is considered as the causal agent of the most severe parasitosis of the honey bee.

Neonicotinoids are water-soluble, and so can be taken up by a developing plant and can be found inside vas- cular tissues and foliage, providing protection against herbivorous insects. However, only approximately 5% of the neonicotinoid active ingredient is taken up by crop plants and most instead disperses into the wider environment.

Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are the two main microsporidian parasites causing nosematosis in the honey beeApis mellifera. The aim of the present study is to investigate the presence of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in the area of Bulgaria.

Five main problems of beekeeping sectors. Solutions for the future...