The use of plant protection products (PPPs) in farming systems poses a potential risk to honey bee health, yet beekeepers’ awareness and interactions with farmers remain understudied.

Hedgerows in mid-February might have traditionally appeared white with snow; this year the white was the work of blackthorn blossoms – a harbinger of spring.

Melittopalynology is an applied branch of Palynology dealing with the study of pollen grains in honey samples and its application in Apiculture. Plant produces nectar and pollen both of which are avidly sought after by the bees to provide nutrition to the colony.

Background: An interest in substances of natural origin has been a subject that is increasing constantly-both those known for many years and recently discovered are of great interest to the researchers.

Pollen in human nutrition - The beneficial nutritional effects of pollen have been adequately discussed; little study has however been conducted for describing its characteristic features on the basis of a large range of tests.

The quality of diet influences colony health and strength, especially for colonies preparing for over- wintering or starting population build-up in early spring.