When a plant protection company applies to release an active chemical substance, or a pesticide formulation into the European market, it must provide the competent authorities with a registration
dossier, containing various data and information.

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked by the European Commission (EC) to develop a Guidance Document on the risk assessment of plant protection products on bees.

Recent EU Red Data List assessments revealed that about 9% of insect species in the EU are threatened with extinction.

EU second world producer, after China

Programmes include a study of the production and marketing

In 2012, the Commission decided to review the EU approvals granted for the active substances clothianidin, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid (part of the neonicotinoid family) and the active substance fipronil (part of the phenylpyrazole family).

This report covers apiculture 2017-2019, for the time period 1 August 2016 to 31 July 2019. These are the first years where new measures applied.

Here evaluate the inhibitory effects of Apis mellifera bee venom (BV-Am) and of its two main components - melittin and phospholipase on E. coli.

A study of the role of phytochemicals in pesticide tolerance when worker bees were fed with sublethal doses (1 ppb and 10 ppb) of thiamethoxam