As honey bee workers switch from in-hive tasks to foraging, they undergo transition from constant exposure to the controlled homogenous physical and sensory environment of the hive to prolonged diurnal exposures to a far more heterogeneous environment outside the hive.

As a managed pollinator, the honey bee Apis mellifera is critical to the American agricultural enterprise. Recent colony losses have thus raised concerns.

Honey fraud: a major threat to the future of beekeeping around the world. Since January 2015 bulk honey prices have been showing continuous decrease in the Internationl market, which has caused a loss os ca. 600 million/dollars/year tp honest beekeeêrs around the world.

The beekeeping sector is facing challenges as beekeepers endured the worst harvest in decades, yet despite of low production levels, honey prices have not risen due to honey imports.

EU remains second world producer (~285 000 tons, 2022) after China.

Beekeepers face the lowest risks if their honey does not need to cross international borders: if they can sell directly to consumers then they should achieve a good price and in a simple way.

Honey trading companies & cooperatives in Africa - Directory of African trading companies.

In this study, deep sequencing was used to characterize prokaryotic viral communities associated with honey bees.

Recently, the causes of honeybee colony losses have been intensely studied, showing that there are multiple stressors implicated in colony declines, one stressor being the exposure to pesticides.

Foraging bees were exposed to different dosages of tested insecticides by oral feeding at different dosages recommended by the manufacturers for agricultural crops in Egypt (0.01-, 0.02-, 0.04-, 0.1-, and onefold).