EFSA adopted and published in 2013 a guidance document on the risk assessment of plant protection products on bees

As alternative potentially more direct “broad-spectrum” signalling mechanism–based COVID-19 therapeutics, several natural and synthetic PAK1-blockers such as propolis, melatonin, ciclesonide, hydroxy chloroquine (HQ), ivermection, and ketorolac, which are readily available in the market, are introduced here.

Identification of spores of the Paenibacillus larvae, Ascosphaera apis and Nosema spp. in samples of honey, pollen and royal jelly.

Feral honey bee populations have been reported to be in decline due to the spread of Varroa destructor.

In vivo tests confirmed that S. marcescens is pathogenic in workers.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessment carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, Belgium, for the pesticide active substance clothianidin are reported.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessment carried out by the competent authority of the co-rapporteur Member State the Czech Republic for the pesticide active substance sulfoxaflor are reported.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State the United Kingdom and co-rapporteur Member State Germany

This study was designed to check for the presence of pesticide residues, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels, and HMF content in European honeys.

Beehive products such as honey, beeswax and recently pollen have been regarded for many years as appropriate sentinels for environmental pesticide pollutions.