Honey bees (genus Apis) are well known for the impressive suite of nest defenses they have evolved to protect their abundant stockpiles of food and the large colonies they sustain.

For almost 14 months, the putting into experiment of this research study was the basic concern of the ORL surgery room of our apitherapy medical clinic from Bucharest.

The degenerative diseases of the spinal column (spondylarthritis) and their neurological complications are serious problems encountered in medical practice and are a frequent cause of work absenteeism. In 60-90% of the cases, the clinical symptoms of these diseases, mostly radical in nature, are disorders of the peripheral nervous system.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, progressive, demyelinating disease, characterized by the multicentricity of the lesions of the nervous system, remanent course, variability of neurologic symptoms. Multiple Sclerosis constitutes 5% of all organic diseases of the nervous system in the structure of morbidity.

Decades of experience has shown that, despite numerous ‘safe use’ programs, the ’safe use’ of highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs) is not possible.

The negative impacts of pesticides, in particular insecticides, on bees and other pollinators have never been disputed. Insecticides can directly kill these vital insects, whereas herbicides reduce the diversity of their food resources, thus indirectly affecting their survival and reproduction.

Neonicotinoid pesticides were first registered for use in the mid 1990s. Since then, these chemicals have become widely adopted for use on farm crops, ornamental landscape plants, and trees.

Honey has been widely used for monitoring this element. The present work reports a novel method for the determination of arsenic in honey, bees, pollen, and propolis, based on the coupling of microwave digestion and hydride generation.

Artificial pollination systems can provide a security of yield even in poor pollination scenarios.

Understanding how anthropogenic landscape alteration affects populations of important insect pollinators has never been more pressing.