We measured the proportion of foragers carrying mites while entering and leaving hives to determine its relationship to the growth of varroa populations in those hives.

The association between the deformed wing virus and the parasitic mite Varroa destructor has been identified as a major cause of worldwide honeybee colony losses.n in mite-infested bees.

Vespa velutina nigrithorax, an Asian bee-hawking hornet, has been unintentionally introduced in southwestern France before 2004 and is currently widely spreading across the country. Its arrival in northern Spain was reported in 2010.

Alien species are usually characterized by their overall flexibility especially when facing disturbance (LEE & GELEMBIUK, 2008). Social hymenopteran are such highly flexible species due to eusociality: they exhibit behavioural plasticity due to their organization in castes; they also have high reproductive rates, demonstrate efficient competitive and dispersal abilities and are opportunistic foragers
(MOLLER, 1996

It would probably be easier to enumerate the cultures which do not chronicle some kind of use of bees as weapons since this motif is so pervasive.

Comparisons were made between changes in median lifespan and experimental design variables, population, water use, pollen use, pollen substitute use.

Neonicotinoid pesticides (“neonics”) are nicotine-based insecticides that target the central nervous system of insect pests. They are systemic pesticides, meaning they are absorbed by the plant and contaminate all plant tissues

Neonicotinoid pesticides pose problems to the ecological health and safety of the EU. For this reason, under existing legislation, the Commission intends to apply the precautionary principle though legislative action.

The pressures on honeybee (Apis mellifera) populations, resulting from threats by modern pesticides, parasites, predators and diseases, have raised awareness of the economic importance and critical role this insect plays in agricultural societies across the globe.

We found universally positive associations of fruit set with flower visitation by wild insects in 41 crop systems worldwide.