The information presented in this Guide will best help beekeepers who recognize that optimum management of Varroa is based on understanding:

Globally, agricultural production systems are under pressure to meet multiple challenges: to sustain or increase production from the same area of land and reduce negative impacts on the environment amid uncertainties resulting from climate change.

Bees are key participators to the fertility of plants and yet they are suffering from losses and disorders. In other studies, double the amount of fungicides were found in colonies showing disorders than in healthy ones, with boscalid among the most frequently detected residues.

Toxicity effects of the neonicotinoid insecticides clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam were tested in the laboratory on different honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) genotypes.

The efficacies of various acaricides in order to control a parasitic mite, the Varroa mite, Varroa destructor, of honey bees, were measured in two different settings, namely, in laboratory caged honey bees and in queen-right honey bee colonies.

The objective of this study was to test this hypothesis. Laboratory repeated dose toxicity tests on in vitro reared larvae were carried out using thiamethoxam.

Quantitative studies concerning total and differential haemocyte counts and abnormalities were performed under laboratory conditions for larvae, pupae and adults collected from a wild Apis dorsata colony.

Agrochemical risk assessment that takes into account only pesticide active ingredients without the spray adjuvants commonly used in their application will miss important toxicity outcomes detrimental to non-target species, including humans.

Throughout history, honey has been used for many different purposes and due to its medicinal properties, has been one of the products marketed by traders.

Greece has the perhaps dubious distinction of being the first area in which the use of moveable combs has been recorded.